YAMASHITA’S GOLD

The Malaya Tiger’s Treasure

Overview

During World War II Imperial Japanese forces led by general Tomoyuki Yamashita, also known as “The Tiger of Malaya”, laid siege to to Malaya, conquering it in 70 days during which it is believed they looted approximately 6,000 tonnes of gold with the intention of using it to financially support the Japanese war effort.

The treasure is said to have been hidden in caves, tunnels, and underground complexes in different cities in the Philippines and many treasure hunters have gone in search of the elusive caches of loot since. Experts have dismissed the existence of the treasure for years, yet, in 1988 a Filipino treasure hunter filed and won a lawsuit against the former Philippine president after claiming to have found the treasure and was then subsequently robbed of the treasure by the then president.

Filipino treasure hunter Rogelio Roxas posing with the gold Buddha of the Yamashita treasure.

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The Legend

General Tomoyuki Yamashita also known as the Tiger of Malaya .

During World War II General Tomoyuki Yamashita led Imperial Japanese forces through south-eastern Asia during which he conquered Malaya from the British in 70 days earning Yamashita the nickname of “The Tiger of Malaya”. During their siege on southeast Asia it is believed that the Imperial Japanese forces looted approximately 6,000 tonnes of gold with the intention of using the treasure to finance Japanese war efforts.

Upon realising he could no longer defend the Philippine capital of Manilla without a massive loss of both civilian and military lives, Yamashita ordered a withdrawal of his troops to the Sierra Madre mountains, north east of the capital.

It was after this retreat to the mountains that the rumours began to circulate that the general had taken a vast treasure with him and hidden it in caves and tunnels in the mountains known as the “Golden-Lilly” tunnels. These were a network of underground tunnel systems which had been dug and constructed into the mountains of the Philippines with the purpose of hiding the stolen loot.

One such tunnel known as ‘number-eight’ located somewhere in the Cagayan Valley in the northeast of the island of Luzon was supervised by Yamashita himself. When the tunnels were completed, the chambers were packed with enormous amounts of looted treasure.

A photograph of Prince Yasuhito Chichibu second son of Emperor Taishō.

Northern Luzon topography showing Cagayan Valley.

The slaves and soldiers who had overseen the construction are believed to have been sealed up with the loot and left to die so that nobody but Yamashita and Prince Takeda would be alive to reveal its true location.

Yamashita was convicted of war crimes and executed by the United States Army on February 23rd, 1946 in Los Baños, Laguna taking the location of the treasure with him.

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The Treasure

The stolen loot is believed to consist of over 6,000 tonnes of gold and stolen property in many different forms of valuables taken from banks, depositories, other commercial premises, museums, private homes, and religious buildings before being moved to various caves and chambers made for storing the massive amounts of treasure before being sealed up.

One eye-witness claimed that one chamber held numerous stacked crates which filled an area approximately 6 feet x 35 feet, each crate packed with gold bullion. Alongside the crates was a 3-foot-tall solid 20-carat gold Buddha weighing approximately 1,000 kilograms. One cache of treasure that was allegedly found and believed to be a part of the Yamashita treasure was claimed to be worth over $22 billion!

That would be a life changing sum of money for most people if it was found.

American soldiers inspect World War II looted treasures.

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The Clues

Numerous Golden Lilly vaults were allegedly found by Edward Lansdale and Severino Garcia Diaz Santa Romana in caves north of Manila after Santa Romana (Santy) tortured Yamashita’s driver – Major Kojima Kashi to obtain the probable locations of the loot. Using the treasure that was found by Seagraves and Santa Romana, the ‘M-Fund’ (176 “black gold” banking accounts in 42 countries created to support future United States military operations) was established.

Other reports claim that the loot was initially concentrated in Singapore and then later transported to the Philippines with hopes of then shipping it to the Japanese home island after the war ended. Some of the ships carrying quantities of the loot are believed to have been sunk on route to Japan in a last ditch effort to get the loot back to Japan before the war ended, the treasures being lost to the ocean floor.

Photograph of Major General Edward Lansdale, 1963 (US Air Force Photograph).

Photograph of Rogelio Roxas with the Golden Buddha. When the head was removed it was allegedly found to contain precious stones.

Imelda Marcos claimed in 1992 that Yamashita’s gold accounted for the bulk of her husband, Ferdinand Marco’s wealth. However, no evidence to support her claim was ever put forward. In 1988, Rogelio Roxas a Filipino treasure hunter filed a lawsuit in the state of Hawaii against Marcos, the former president of the Philippines and his wife Imelda for the theft of the Yamashita Treasure and for his torture and interrogation after allegedly locating the treasure.

Roxas claimed that in Baguio, 1961 he met the son of a former member of the Japanese army who mapped for him the location of the legendary Yamashita Treasure. He then met with another man who had served as Yamashita’s interpreter during World War II, who told Roxas that he remembered visiting an underground chamber near a convent where stores of gold and silver were being kept along with a golden Buddha.

Over the next few years Roxas put together a team to search for the treasure and obtained permits for the treasure hunt from a relative of Ferdinand, Judge Pio Marcos. In 1971, Roxas and his group uncovered an enclosed chamber on state lands near Baguio where he found bayonets, samurai swords, radios, and skeletal remains dressed in Japanese military uniforms.

Within the chamber were numerous stacked crates which filled an area approximately 6 feet x 6 feet x 35 feet, each crate packed with gold bullion. Alongside the crates was a 3-foot-tall solid 20-carat gold Buddha weighing approximately 1,000 kilograms.

1924 map featuring Manila published by Rand McNally and Company.

Photograph of the gold bars found by Rogelio Roxas and his team and removed from the cave in 1996.

From the cave he and his group took the golden Buddha and one crate of 24 gold bars which they hid in Roxas’ home. Seven of the gold bars were sold while Roxas sought a buyer for the golden Buddha. However, before Roxas could sell the Buddha, Ferdinand Marcos had heard about his discovery and had him arrested, beaten, and stole the Buddha and the remaining gold.

Roxas was incarcerated for over a year while he was interrogated about the treasure cave’s location. It was after his release and once Ferdinand lost his presidency in 1988 that Roxas made his legal allegations against Marcos. On the eve of the trial Roxas died but not before giving his testimony which would later be used as evidence in the trial against Marchos.

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Conclusion

In 1996, the Roxas estate and the Golden Buddha Corporation were awarded $22 billion which with interest became $40.5 billion and in 1998, the Hawaii Supreme Court held that there was sufficient evidence to support the jury’s finding that Roxas found the treasure and that Marcos converted it.

However, shortly after, the court reversed the award claiming that the claim for the chamber full of gold was too speculative due to a lack of evidence which could determine the actual quantity or quality of the gold. New hearings were ordered to address only the value of the gold Buddha and the 17 gold bars which had been taken from Roxas’ home resulting in a final judgement of $6 million to the Roxas Estate.

Photograph of Rogelio Roxas with the Gold Buddha he found in the cave as a part of the Yamashita Treasure.

The Marcos family who after two decades in power were forced into exile in Hawaii.

The United States Ninth Circuit Court Appeal made the following statement regarding the court case and Roxas’ claim. “The Yamashita Treasure was found by Roxas and stolen from Roxas by Marcos’ men.”

Despite the evidence that convinced a courtroom to award the Roxas Estate with $6 million, the treasure’s existence is still disputed. It has been argued by historians that the theory that the treasure was transported to the Philippines from mainland southeast Asia is unlikely as by 1943 the Japanese were no longer in control of the seas. As such, it would be irrational for something so valuable to have been brought to where it would undoubtedly be lost to the Americans sooner or later. It would have made more sense for the treasure to have been transported to Taiwan or China.

The story of the Roxas v Marcos trials and the statement made in conclusion of the trial has inspired many individuals and consortia, both Filipino and foreign to continue to search for the treasure sites which have led to a number of accidental deaths, injuries, and financial losses incurred by treasure hunters. Those wishing to go in search of the Yamashita Treasure legend in the Philippines can apply for permits and licenses through the National Museum of the Philippines.

Imelda Marcos photographed with the Gold Buddha statue in 1996.

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Written By

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ADAM L C

Director of Areas Grey

Adam is an avid treasure hunter, seeker of adventure and the creator of Areas Grey. After travelling for almost half his life and cataloguing over 100 treasure legends along the way. He decided this was simply far too much treasure for one person to chase! As a result he created Areas Grey so he could share his stories, connect with other treasure hunters and put a little more adventure in the lives of the treasure hunting community.

Adam is a Private Investigator and former Wilderness Guide with a passion for history and archaeology. With the skills, knowledge and gear, Adam is always eager to go on the next fortune seeking adventure and connect with fellow treasure hunters along the way.

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